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Méret Oppenheim
Méret Elisabeth Oppenheim (6 October 1913 – 15 November 1985) was a German-born Swiss Surrealist artist and photographer. Oppenheim was a member of the Surrealist movement of the 1920s along with André Breton, Luis Buñuel, Max Ernst, and other writers and visual artists. Besides creating art objects, Oppenheim also famously appeared as a model for photographs by Man Ray, most notably a series of nude shots of her interacting with a printing press.〔(Meret Oppenheim at manray-photo.com )〕
==Early life==
Méret Oppenheim was born on October 6, 1913, in Berlin. Oppenheim is named after Meretlein, a wild child who lives in the woods, from the novel ''Green Henry'' by Gottfried Keller.〔“Maureen P. Sherlock, “Mistaken Identities: Méret Oppenheim,” in ‘’The Artist Outsider: Creativity and the Boundaries of Culture, ed. by Michael D. Hall and Eugene W. Metcalf, 276-288 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1993), p. 281”〕〔Nancy Spector, “Meret Oppenheim: Performing Identities,” in ‘’Meret Oppenheim: Beyond the Teacup,’’ ed. by Jacqueline Burckhardt and Bice Curiger, 35-43 (New York: Independent Curators Incorporated, 1996), p. 37.〕 Oppenheim had two siblings, a sister named Kristin (born 1915) and a brother named Burkhard (born 1919).〔Bice Curiger, ''Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the Face of Freedom'' (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1989), p. 9〕 Her father, a German-Jewish〔http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2013/09/artwork-meret-oppenheim〕 doctor, was conscripted into the army at the outbreak of war in 1914.〔 Consequently, Oppenheim and her mother, who was Swiss,〔 moved to live with Oppenheim's maternal grandparents in Delémont, Switzerland.〔"Curiger, ''Defiance'', p.10"〕 In Switzerland, Oppenheim was exposed to art and artists from a young age. Oppenheim was inspired by her aunt, Ruth Wenger, especially by Wenger's devotion to art and her modern lifestyle.〔
In 1932, at the age of 18, Oppenheim moved to Paris and sporadically attended the Académie de la Grande Chaumière.〔"Curiger, ''Defiance'', p.267"〕 In 1933 she met Hans Arp and Alberto Giacometti who, after visiting her studio and seeing her work, invited her to participate in the Surrealist exhibition in the “Salon des Surindépendants,” 〔 held in Paris between October 27 and November 26.〔Josef Helfenstein, "Against the Intolerability of Fame: Meret Oppenheim and Surrealism," in ‘‘Beyond the Teacup,’’ p. 24〕 Oppenheim met André Breton and began to participate in meetings at the Café de la Place Blanche with the Surrealist circle.〔Helfenstein, "Intolerability of Fame," p.24〕
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